Glycolic Acid

What is Glycolic Acid?

Glycolic Acid is a active ingredient that provides targeted treatment benefits through biochemical interactions. It provides exfoliation benefits. Results are typically seen in the short-term (days to weeks). It is most effective at a concentration of 5-10% (daily), 20-70% (professional peels). For maximum effectiveness, this acid works best in formulations with the correct pH range.

Perfect For

Oily: Neutral effect on oily skin
Dry: Beneficial in moderation - helps remove dead skin but may require additional hydration
Sensitive: Use with caution - may cause irritation, requires gradual introduction
Combination: Depends on specific formulation and application technique
Mature: Neutral effect on mature skin

Key Benefits

Considerations & Cautions

Can cause irritation, redness, and increased sun sensitivity. Start with lower concentrations and build tolerance. Daily sunscreen use is essential.

Ingredient Interactions

Works well with: hyaluronic acid, niacinamide, peptides

Avoid combining with: retinol, retinoid, vitamin c, other exfoliants

Notes: Best used at night followed by hydrating ingredients; avoid layering with other acids or retinoids to prevent irritation

References

Strength: Strong - Multiple clinical trials

Key Studies:
• Ditre C, et al. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996): Demonstrated increased collagen production
• Sharad J. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology (2013): Study on glycolic acid peels for acne and pigmentation
• Yamamoto Y, et al. Experimental Dermatology (2006): Research on epidermal renewal effects

Mechanisms:
• Dissolves bonds between dead skin cells (desmosomes)
• Smallest AHA molecule allows for deeper penetration
• Stimulates glycosaminoglycan production
• Increases dermal matrix components including collagen